397. Integer Replacement

1. Question

Given a positive integer n, you can apply one of the following operations:

  1. If n is even, replace n with n / 2.
  2. If n is odd, replace n with either n + 1 or n - 1.

Return the minimum number of operations needed for n to become 1.

2. Examples

Example 1:

Input: n = 8
Output: 3
Explanation: 8 -> 4 -> 2 -> 1

Example 2:

Input: n = 7
Output: 4
Explanation: 7 -> 8 -> 4 -> 2 -> 1
or 7 -> 6 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1

Example 3:

Input: n = 4
Output: 2

3. Constraints

  • 1 <= n <= 231 - 1

4. References

来源:力扣(LeetCode) 链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/integer-replacement 著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权,非商业转载请注明出处。

5. Solutions

5.1. 朴素的实现

这里有个坑,231-1+1在int下会溢出。

class Solution {

  public int integerReplacement(int n) {
    return toOne((long) n);
  }

  private int toOne(long n) {
    if (n == 1) {
      return 0;
    }

    if (n % 2 == 0) {
      return toOne(n / 2) + 1;
    } else {
      return Math.min(toOne(n + 1), toOne(n - 1)) + 1;
    }
  }

}

5.2. 用上二进制实现

判断是否是基数可以用与运算,偶数除以2可以用位移替代。

class Solution {

  public int integerReplacement(int n) {
    return toOne((long) n);
  }

  private int toOne(long n) {
    if (n == 1) {
      return 0;
    }

    if ((n & 1) == 0) {
      return toOne(n >> 1) + 1;
    } else {
      return Math.min(toOne(n + 1), toOne(n - 1)) + 1;
    }
  }

}

5.3. 将Math.min细化

发现(n + 1) / 2(n - 1) / 2中只有一个可以得到偶数,然鹅得到奇数的话需要加减,多一个步骤,所以可以细化判断。需要剔除n = 3这个特例(最后结果是1)。

最后得到一个接近双百的结果。

6. Accepted

  • 47/47 cases passed (0 ms)
  • Your runtime beats 100 % of java submissions
  • Your memory usage beats 94.08 % of java submissions (34.9 MB)
class Solution {

  public int integerReplacement(int n) {
    return toOne((long) n);
  }

  private int toOne(long n) {
    if (n == 1) {
      return 0;
    }

    if ((n & 1) == 0) {
      return toOne(n >> 1) + 1;
    } else {
      if (n == 3) {
        return 2;
      } else if ((((n + 1) >> 1) & 1) == 0) {
        return toOne(n + 1) + 1;
      } else {
        return toOne(n - 1) + 1;
      }

    }
  }
}
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